Etički i pravni standardi istraživanja zatvorske populacije
Autor/i: Slađana Đurić, Aleksandra Ilić
Stranice: 83-103
UDK: 342.726:343.261-052
174:343.9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.64.2.4
Apstrakt: Naučna istraživanja su osnovni i jedini put naučnog saznanja. Iako se naučno istraživanje može sprovoditi u različitim situacijama i na različite načine neka su posebno značajna zbog specifičnosti populacije koja učestvuje u istraživanju. U tom smislu, naučna istraživanja koja se sprovode nad zatvorskom (osuđeničkom) populacijom regulisana su posebnim etičkim i pravnim normama, kako bi se zaštitila prava i dobrobit učesnika, posebno u kontekstu njihove ranjivosti i specifičnog položaja. U radu su ukratko analizirana određena dokumenta koja postavljaju globalne etičke standarde u nauci, a posebno su značajna za istraživanja sa ljudima, kao najznačajnije izvore kojima se rukovode savremeni istraživači. U kontekstu istraživanja u zatvorima, istraživači moraju osigurati da učesnici potpuno razumeju prirodu istraživanja, kao i svoja prava koja, bez obzira što su inače ograničena u uslovima izdržavanja kazne zatvora, ne treba da trpe dodatna ograničenja zbog istraživanja. Njima se, kao što nalažu etički kodeksi, moraju ponuditi sve značajne informacije o ciljevima istraživanja, potencijalnim rizicima i koristima, kao i o tome da mogu odustati od učešća u istraživanju u bilo kom trenutku bez ikakvih posledica. Najznačajnija etička pitanja u istraživačkim projektima odnose se na dobrovoljnost učešća u istraživanju, kao i garantovanje privatnosti, anonimnosti i poverljivosti. Bez obzira na sve potencijalne poteškoće realizacije naučnih istraživanja u odnosu na osuđeničku populaciju, one ostaju važan način dolaženja do bitnih informacija o toj populaciji što je posebno važno iz ugla unapređenja položaja tih lica. Scientific research is the basic and only way of scientific knowledge. Although scientific research can be conducted in different situations and in different ways, some are particularly significant due to the specificity of the population participating in the research. In this sense, scientific research conducted on the prison (convict) population is regulated by special ethical and legal norms, in order to protect the rights and well-being of the participants, especially in the context of their vulnerability and specific position. The paper briefly analyzes certain documents that set global ethical standards in science, and are especially important for research with humans, as the most important sources that modern researchers are guided by. In the context of prison research, researchers must ensure that participants fully understand the nature of the research, as well as their rights, which, although otherwise limited in prison conditions, should not suffer additional restrictions due to the research. As required by ethical codes, they must be offered all relevant information about the research objectives, potential risks and benefits, and that they can withdraw from the research at any time without any consequences. The most important ethical issues in research projects relate to the voluntariness of research participation, as well as guaranteeing privacy, anonymity and confidentiality. Regardless of all the potential difficulties of carrying out scientific research in relation to the convict population, they remain an important way of obtaining essential information about that population, which is especially important from the point of view of improving the position of those persons.
Ključne reči: istraživanje, etički standardi, pravne norme, zatvori, dobrovoljnost, anonimnost, poverljivost / research, ethical standards, legal norms, prisons, voluntariness, anonymity, confidentiality
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