Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law is a scientific Journal aimed to promote theoretical and
practical experiences of criminology, criminal law, penology and similar scientific disciplines. It is
the only scientific journal of that kind in this region. The Journal has been published continuously
since 1962.
In 2025, the Journal was categorized as the Leading National Journal M24 category.
Osim što se mnogobrojna krivična dela, poput onih u sferi kompjuterskog kriminaliteta mogu izvršiti upotrebom veštačke inteligencije, brojni su i obrnuti primeri korišćenja raznovrsnih oblika veštačke inteligencije u legitimne društvene svrhe, nekada i u svrhe povezane sa primenom krivičnog prava, ali i radi otkrivanja, razjašnjavanja dokazivanja krivičnih dela. Ovo je neposredno povezano i sa osnovnim ciljem demokratske krivične procedure država koje se odlikuju vladavinom prava, a to je da se zakonito i pravično vođenim krivičnim postupkom omogući da niko nevin ne bude osuđen, a da se učiniocu krivičnog dela izrekne krivična sankcija pod uslovima koje propisuje krivični zakon. Kada se radi o upotrebi veštačke inteligencije u legitimne krivičnoprocesne, ali i u kriminalističke svrhe, značajno je pre svega, sledeće: 1) korišćenje veštačke inteligencije u cilju identifikovanja osumnjičenih, gde je posebno veliki značaj biometrijskih metoda identifikacije, koje se zasnivaju na upotrebi biometrijskih kamera; 2) upotreba veštačke inteligencije u cilju kriminalističke analitike, a posebno radi profilisanja nepoznatih učinilaca krivičnog dela, na temelju analize svih relevantnih podataka; 3) korišćenje veštačke inteligencije kao elementa određenih kriminalističkih evidencija i baza podataka; 4) korišćenje veštačke inteligencije kao tehničkog instrumenta za utvrđivanje određenih kriminalistički/krivičnoprocesno/krivičnopravno relevantnih činjenica koje se tiču konkretnih krivičnih dela, kao kada se na takav način preliminarno utvrđuje originalnost/autentičnost potpisa, postojanje određenih oblika falsifikata i sl.; 5) korišćenje veštačke inteligencije kao sredstva određenih veštačenja; 6) upotreba određenih kompjuterskih „alata“ u sferi veštačke inteligencije, podobnih za brzu analizu podataka pribavljenih određenim specijalnim istražnim tehnikama; 7) korišćenje veštačke inteligencije prilikom procene opasnosti od bekstva okrivljenog ili opasnosti od ponovnog izvršenja krivičnog dela, kada se radi o oceni (ne)postojanja takvih razloga za određivanje pritvora u krivičnom postupku, odnosno preduzimanje drugih mera koje proizlaze iz specifične „analizu rizika“; kao i 8) upotreba veštačke inteligencije prilikom vrednovanja značaja određenih okolnosti za odmeravanje kazne, pri čemu naravno, treba uvek imati u vidu da svaku krivičnu sankciju, pa i kaznu, izriče sud u okviru prava države na krivično sankcionisanje/kažnjavanje (ius puniendi), što uvek podrazumeva ključnu ulogu čoveka, kao sudije. Veštačka inteligencija može u tom pogledu biti od koristi sudiji tako što mu omogućava lakšu analizu svih relevantnih okolnosti, daje prikaz sudske prakse i sl., ali ona ne sme nikada da suštinski zameni čoveka.
In addition to the fact that numerous criminal offences—particularly those within the domain of cybercrime—may be committed through the use of artificial intelligence, there are likewise many countervailing examples demonstrating the legitimate and socially beneficial uses of various forms of artificial intelligence. These uses increasingly extend to areas connected with the application of criminal law, as well as to the detection, clarification, and evidentiary establishment of criminal offences. This trend is directly associated with the fundamental objective of democratic criminal procedure in states governed by the rule of law: ensuring, through a lawful and fair criminal process, that no innocent person is convicted, while guaranteeing that the perpetrator of a criminal offence is subjected to a criminal sanction under the conditions prescribed by criminal legislation. With respect to the legitimate use of artificial intelligence in criminal procedure and criminal investigation, the following aspects are particularly significant: 1) Identification of suspects, with special emphasis on biometric methods of identification relying on biometric-camera technology; 2) Criminal intelligence and analytical use, particularly for profiling unknown perpetrators based on comprehensive analysis of all relevant data; 3) Integration of artificial intelligence into investigative records and databases; 4) Use of artificial intelligence as a technical instrument for establishing facts relevant to criminal investigation, criminal procedure, or substantive criminal law—for instance, preliminary determination of the originality or authenticity of a signature, detection of forgery, and similar tasks; 5) Use of artificial intelligence in expert examinations; 6) Application of AI-based computational tools suited for rapid analysis of data obtained through special investigative techniques; 6) Risk assessment of flight or reoffending, particularly when evaluating grounds for pre-trial detention or for imposing other procedural measures; 7) Use of artificial intelligence in sentencing, specifically in evaluating the weight and significance of circumstances relevant to determining punishment. It must always be borne in mind that the imposition of any criminal sanction—including punishment—is ultimately the prerogative of the court, exercised within the framework of the state’s ius puniendi, which presupposes the central and irreplaceable role of the human judge. Artificial intelligence may assist the court by facilitating the analysis of relevant circumstances, providing access to comparative case law, and similar functions, but it must never supplant the human decision-maker.
Korupcija u sportu – fenomenologija, uzroci i mogućnosti suzbijanja
Miloš Stanić,
Jelena Kostić
pp: 39-57
Korupcija u sportu nije nova pojava. Globalizacija, veliki priliv novca, porast legalnog i ilegalnog klađenja i napredak tehnologije stvaraju mogućnost za izvršenje krivičnih dela u oblasti sporta i sticanje nezakonitog profita. Pojavni oblici korupcije u sportu su različiti, dok poseban problem predstavlja činjenica što u tome veliku ulogu imaju organizovane kriminalne grupe. Međutim, korupcija u sportu ima nesagledive posledice, a koje se uglavnom ogledaju u gubitku interesovanja sponzora, ali i interesovanja publike i javnosti za određene sportove. Zbog toga je u međunarodnim dokumentima sve veći akcenat na potrebi usaglašavanja regulative u oblasti sporta sa propisima u oblasti suzbijanja korupcije.
U ovom istraživanju polazimo od pretpostavke da svaki uzrok zahteva različit pristup u pogledu prevencije, kao i da je u narednom periodu neophodno dodatno usaglašavanje nacionalnih propisa iz oblasti sporta sa međunarodnim pravilima u oblasti suzbijanja korupcije. Radi davanja preporuka za unapređenje njene prevencije u radu dominiraju metod analize sadržaja i uporednopravni metod. U prvom delu rada najpre ukazujemo na međunarodna dokumenta u kojima su naglašene mere za suzbijanje korupcije u sportu, drugi deo rada sadrži prikaz njenih pojavnih oblika, u sledećem delu ukazuje se na uzroke pojavnih oblika korupcije u sportu, kao i na krivičnopravna rešenja u pogledu suzbijanja nameštanja rezultata sportskih takmičenja sadržana u uporednom zakonodavstvu i propisima Republike Srbije. Na taj način nastojimo da damo preporuke za unapređenje mera za njeno suzbijanje u oblasti sporta.
Corruption in sports is not a new phenomenon. Globalization, the large influx of money, the rise of legal and illegal betting and the advancement of technology create the opportunity to commit crimes in the field of sports and obtain illegal profits. The forms of corruption in sports are different, while a special problem is the fact that organized criminal groups play a big role in it. However, corruption in sports has unforeseeable consequences, which are mainly reflected in the loss of interest of sponsors, as well as the interest of the audience and the public in certain sports. That is why in international documents there is an increasing emphasis on the need to harmonize regulations in the field of sports with regulations in the field of combating corruption.
In this research, we start from the assumption that each cause requires a different approach in terms of prevention, as well as that in the coming period, additional harmonization of national regulations in the field of sports with international rules in the field of corruption suppression is necessary. In order to make recommendations for the improvement of its prevention, the method of content analysis and the comparative law method dominate the work. In the first part of the paper, we first point to international documents in which measures to combat corruption in sports are emphasized, the second part of the paper contains an overview of its manifestations, in the next part it is pointed out the causes of the manifestations of corruption in sports, as well as criminal law solutions regarding the suppression of fixing the results of sports competitions contained in the comparative legislation and regulations of the Republic of Serbia. In this way, we try to give recommendations for the improvement of measures for its suppression in the field of sports.
Međunarodno krivično pravosuđe kao lawfare arena: generator, instrument i meta strategijskih efekata
Svetlana Nenadić,
pp: 59-81
Polazeći od činjenice da međunarodni krivični sudovi deluju pravnim mehanizmima u atmosferi političkih sukoba, autorka zaključuje da njihove odluke prevazilaze domen prava i ulaze u domen politike, te neminovno postaju generator niza vanpravnih efekata. Prihvatajući u literaturi o pravu i ratu sve prisutniji lawfare analitički koncept koji služi analizi savremenog fenomena upotrebe prava kao oružja u sukobima, autorka razmatra u kojoj meri i zašto međunarodni krivični sudovi imaju ulogu u proizvodnji lawfare efekata. Takođe, iz kog razloga njihove odluke mogu funkcionisati kao argumenti u lawfare sukobu, kao i da li međunarodni krivični sudovi i sami mogu delovati kao lawfare akteri.
Sa druge strane, autorka pokušava da odgovori i na dva dodatna pitanja. Prvo, kako strane u sukobu koriste mehanizme pokretanja i rada međunarodne krivične pravde kao instrument strategijskog delovanja. Drugo, da li upravo njihova sposobnost da proizvode strategijske efekte, koji mogu ugroziti interese strana u sukobu, dovodi do toga da institucije međunarodne krivične pravde postaju legitimna meta lawfare delovanja.
Starting from the premise that international criminal courts operate through legal mechanisms within an environment shaped by political conflicts, the author concludes that their decisions extend beyond the domain of law and enter the domain of politics, thereby inevitably becoming generators of a range of extra-legal effects. Accepting the increasingly prominent lawfare analytical concept in the literature on law and war — which serves to analyze the contemporary phenomenon of the use of law as a weapon in conflicts — the author examines to what extent and why international criminal courts play a role in producing lawfare effects. The article also explores the reasons why their decisions may function as arguments within lawfare conflicts, as well as whether international criminal courts themselves can act as lawfare actors. On the other hand, the author also seeks to address two additional questions. First, how parties to a conflict use the mechanisms for initiating and operating international criminal justice as instruments of strategic action. Second, whether precisely their capacity to produce strategic effects—capable of threatening the interests of the parties to a conflict—leads to institutions of international criminal justice themselves becoming legitimate targets of lawfare action.
Etički i pravni standardi istraživanja zatvorske populacije
Slađana Đurić,
Aleksandra Ilić
pp: 83-103
Naučna istraživanja su osnovni i jedini put naučnog saznanja. Iako se naučno istraživanje može sprovoditi u različitim situacijama i na različite načine neka su posebno značajna zbog specifičnosti populacije koja učestvuje u istraživanju. U tom smislu, naučna istraživanja koja se sprovode nad zatvorskom (osuđeničkom) populacijom regulisana su posebnim etičkim i pravnim normama, kako bi se zaštitila prava i dobrobit učesnika, posebno u kontekstu njihove ranjivosti i specifičnog položaja. U radu su ukratko analizirana određena dokumenta koja postavljaju globalne etičke standarde u nauci, a posebno su značajna za istraživanja sa ljudima, kao najznačajnije izvore kojima se rukovode savremeni istraživači. U kontekstu istraživanja u zatvorima, istraživači moraju osigurati da učesnici potpuno razumeju prirodu istraživanja, kao i svoja prava koja, bez obzira što su inače ograničena u uslovima izdržavanja kazne zatvora, ne treba da trpe dodatna ograničenja zbog istraživanja. Njima se, kao što nalažu etički kodeksi, moraju ponuditi sve značajne informacije o ciljevima istraživanja, potencijalnim rizicima i koristima, kao i o tome da mogu odustati od učešća u istraživanju u bilo kom trenutku bez ikakvih posledica. Najznačajnija etička pitanja u istraživačkim projektima odnose se na dobrovoljnost učešća u istraživanju, kao i garantovanje privatnosti, anonimnosti i poverljivosti. Bez obzira na sve potencijalne poteškoće realizacije naučnih istraživanja u odnosu na osuđeničku populaciju, one ostaju važan način dolaženja do bitnih informacija o toj populaciji što je posebno važno iz ugla unapređenja položaja tih lica.
Scientific research is the basic and only way of scientific knowledge. Although scientific research can be conducted in different situations and in different ways, some are particularly significant due to the specificity of the population participating in the research. In this sense, scientific research conducted on the prison (convict) population is regulated by special ethical and legal norms, in order to protect the rights and well-being of the participants, especially in the context of their vulnerability and specific position. The paper briefly analyzes certain documents that set global ethical standards in science, and are especially important for research with humans, as the most important sources that modern researchers are guided by. In the context of prison research, researchers must ensure that participants fully understand the nature of the research, as well as their rights, which, although otherwise limited in prison conditions, should not suffer additional restrictions due to the research. As required by ethical codes, they must be offered all relevant information about the research objectives, potential risks and benefits, and that they can withdraw from the research at any time without any consequences. The most important ethical issues in research projects relate to the voluntariness of research participation, as well as guaranteeing privacy, anonymity and confidentiality. Regardless of all the potential difficulties of carrying out scientific research in relation to the convict population, they remain an important way of obtaining essential information about that population, which is especially important from the point of view of improving the position of those persons.
Pranje novca – zakonska obeležja i praktične dileme
Vanja Bajović,
Snežana Miletić
pp: 105-130
Rad analizira zakonska obeležja krivičnog dela pranja novca u domaćem krivičnom pravu, sa posebnim osvrtom na sporna pitanja sudske prakse, probleme dokazivanja i praktičnu efikasnost krivičnopravne reakcije. Cilj istraživanja jeste ispitivanje odnosa između predikatnog krivičnog dela i pranja novca, granica kažnjivog samopranja i subjektivnog elementa dela, kao i analiza stvarne primene ovog krivičnog dela u domaćoj praksi. Cilj istraživanja jeste ispitivanje odnosa između predikatnog krivičnog dela i pranja novca, granica kažnjivog samopranja i subjektivnog elementa dela, kao i analiza stvarne primene ovog krivičnog dela u domaćoj praksi. Diskutabilno je da li se krivičnopravna reakcija na pranje novca u Srbiji primenjuje dovoljno efikasno i da li obuhvata najsloženije oblike finansijskog kriminaliteta. Osnovno istraživačko pitanje odnosi se na to da li postoje nesklad između normativno razvijenog sistema sprečavanja pranja novca i njegove praktične primene u sudskoj praksi. Polazna hipoteza jeste da se krivično delo pranja novca u domaćoj praksi i dalje relativno retko procesuira, da je kaznena politika pretežno blaga i da krivičnopravna reakcija često ostaje usmerena na dokazno jednostavnije slučajeve, dok složeni finansijski tokovi, povezane korporativne strukture i legalizacija kapitala kroz tržište nepokretnosti ostaju nedovoljno obuhvaćeni. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je domaća sudska praksa postepeno napustila raniji formalistički pristup dokazivanju predikatnog krivičnog dela i prihvatila funkcionalnije tumačenje kriminalnog porekla imovine. Međutim, statistički podaci ukazuju da broj pravnosnažnih osuđujućih presuda i dalje ostaje relativno nizak u odnosu na pretpostavljenu rasprostranjenost nezakonitih finansijskih tokova, dok uslovne osude i blaže sankcije dominiraju u kaznenoj politici.
The paper analyzes the legal characteristics of the criminal offense of money laundering in Serbian criminal law, with particular emphasis on judicial practice, evidentiary issues, and the practical effectiveness of criminal law enforcement. The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the predicate offense and money laundering, the limits of self-laundering, the subjective element of the offense, and the liability of professional participants in financial transactions, as well as to assess the actual application of this criminal offense in domestic practice. Particular attention is devoted to the question of whether criminal law enforcement adequately addresses complex forms of financial crime and the legalization of illicitly acquired assets through formally lawful economic activities. The main research question concerns whether there is a discrepancy between the normatively developed anti-money laundering framework and its practical implementation in judicial practice. The central hypothesis of the paper is that money laundering is still prosecuted relatively rarely in Serbia, that sentencing policy remains predominantly lenient, and that criminal prosecution is often focused on evidentially simpler cases, while complex financial flows, connected corporate structures, and the legalization of illicit assets through the real estate market remain insufficiently addressed.
The results of the research show that Serbian judicial practice has gradually abandoned the earlier formalistic approach to proving the predicate offense and adopted a more functional interpretation of the criminal origin of assets. However, statistical data indicate that the number of final convictions remains relatively low compared to the presumed scale of illicit financial flows, while suspended sentences and other lenient sanctions continue to dominate sentencing policy. The discussion highlights that the formal harmonization of domestic legislation with FATF standards and international conventions does not by itself ensure the actual effectiveness of the anti-money laundering system. Particular attention is devoted to the difficulties of proving complex financial transactions, the relationship between predicate offenses and self-laundering, as well as the role of the real estate market and connected legal entities in the legalization of illicitly acquired assets. The paper concludes that effective anti-money laundering efforts depend primarily on the quality of financial investigations, institutional coordination, and the state’s ability to identify and permanently confiscate assets of criminal origin.
Značaj toničke nepokretnosti kod krivičnog dela silovanja
Sofija Stojanović,
pp: 131-148
Rad se bavi pitanjem značaja koji krivičnopravna teorija i praksa pridaju otporu žrtve u slučajevima silovanja i opravdanošću insistiranja na otporu kao jedinom ili ključnom dokazu postojanja prinude. Sudska praksa i pravna teorija XX veka insistirale su na neophodnosti postojanja otpora u slučajevima silovanja, izjednačavajući postojanje otpora sa postojanjem prinude. Ovakav zahtev temelji se na rasprostranjenom uverenju da će, suočena sa napadom, fizičkim ili seksualnim, žrtva nastojati da izbegne napad ili se istom suprotstavi. Početkom XXI veka, u praksi i teoriji dolazi do slabljenja kriterijuma koje otpor žrtve mora ispuniti da bi se smatralo da je izrazila protivljenje činu obljube. Ipak, otpor slabijeg intenziteta ili odsustvo istog uslovljavaju se postojanjem subjektivnih i objektivnih faktora koji opravdavaju pretpostavljenu racionalnu odluku žrtve da se suzdrži od pružanja otpora ili pruži otpor slabijeg intenziteta. Brojna istraživanja u oblasti biologije i psihologije pokazuju da u slučaju opasnosti ili suočenosti sa napadom, ljudi, baš kao i ostale životinje, mogu reagovati aktivno – bežanjem ili suprotstavljanjem – ili pasivno – toničnom nepokretnošću. Kod ljudi, do toničke nepokretnosti najčešće dolazi kod žrtava silovanja. Naime, istraživanja pokazuju da pasivna reakcija ne predstavlja izuzetak od pravila da žrtve silovanja pružaju otpor, već je, naprotiv, jako učestao način reagovanja. U ovom radu, biće reči o implikacijama saznanja o toničkoj nepokretnosti za sagledavanje krivičnog dela silovanja, a naročito u pogledu opravdanosti insistiranja na ispoljavanju aktivnog otpora od strane žrtava krivičnog dela silovanja; posmatranja prestanka pružanja otpora kao naknadnog saglašavanja sa obljubom i pasivne reakcije žrtve kao indicije o postojanju prinude.
The article examines the significance attributed to the victim’s resistance in rape cases within criminal law theory and practice, and the justification for insisting on resistance as the sole or primary evidence of coercion. Jurisprudence and legal theory of the 20th century insisted on the necessity of showing resistance in cases of rape, equating the existence of resistance with the existence of coercion. This requirement is based on the widespread belief that a victim, when confronted with physical or sexual assault, will attempt to avoid or resist the attack. At the beginning of the 21st century, jurisprudence and theory have weakened the criterion the victim’s resistance must satisfy in order to be considered opposition to the sexual act. However, resistance of weaker intensity or absence of resistance is conditioned by the existence of subjective and objective factors that excuse the assumed rational decision of a victim to refrain from showing resistance or to show resistance of weaker intensity. Numerous biological and psychological studies show that, in situations of danger or assault, humans, like other animals, may respond actively – by fleeing or resisting – or passively – through tonic immobility. Among humans, tonic immobility most commonly occurs in rape victims. Research indicates that passive response is not an exception to the pattern of resistance in rape cases but rather a frequent form of reaction. This article discusses the implications of findings on tonic immobility for the interpretation of rape as a criminal offense, particularly regarding the justification of insisiting on showing active resistance by a rape victim, and considering the resistance cessation as subsequent consent and that passive reaction of a victim may be interpreted as an indication of coercion.
