JUVENILE OFFENDERS AND VICTIMS OF DIGITAL VIOLENCE
Autor/i: Slađana Jovanović, PhD, Ljubinka Marković
Stranice: 27-49
UDK: 343.988:[316.624-053.6:004.-
738.5(497.11)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.61.1.2
Apstrakt: The authors are focused on the issue of digital violence among juveniles: factors, main characteristics, and responses to it. The paper is primarily based on the latest research results of judicial practice (of the Higher Court in Belgrade and the Higher Prosecution Office in Belgrade – Special Department for High-Tech Crime), data gathered by questionnaires filled out by juveniles from one secondary school in Belgrade, and other available studies on the topic. Some recommendations regarding the social response to digital violence among juveniles were made, having in mind General Comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Ključne reči: juvenile offenders/victims, digital violence, social media/networks
Reference:
− Aleksić Hil, O., Kalanj, M. (2018) Bulling and Mental Health. Psychiatry Today, 50(1), pp. 59-66.
− Breaking Latest News (2022, June, 25) Deepfake, the mayors of Berlin and Vienna also deceived: they thought they were talking in videocall with their counterpart from Kiev, Deepfake, the mayors of Berlin and Vienna also deceived: they thought they were talking in videocall with their counterpart from Kiev-breakinglatest.news-Breaking Latest News, accessed on: 15. 1. 2023.
− Csepregi, K., Kovács, I. (2022) Online Sexual Exploitation of Children, in particular the Crime of Child Pornography, Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law, 60(1) pp: 7-24. https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.60.1.1
− Criminal Code, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, Nos. 85/05 (Corrigendum), 107/05 (Corrigendum), 72/09, 111/09, 121/12, 104/13, 108/14, 94/16 and 35/19
− Eurotstat (2022) Being young in Europe today - family and society - Statistics Explained (europa.eu), accessed on: 18. 1. 2023.
− Fridh, M., Lindström M., Rosvall, M. (2015) Subjective health complaints in adolescent victims of cyber harassment: moderation through support from parents/friends - a Swedish population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2015, ortSep 23;15:949. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2239-7. Available at: Subjective health complaints in adolescent victims of cyber harassment: moderation through support from parents/friends - a Swedish population-based study (nih.gov), accessed on: 18. 1. 2023.
− Important Cybercrime Statistics: 2023 Data Analysis&Projections, 73 Important Cybercrime Statistics: 2023 Data Analysis & Projections - Financesonline.com, accessed on: 15. 1. 2023.
− Internet World Stats (2023) Alphabetical List of Countries - Internet Indicators - ISO3316 (internetworldstats.com), accessed on: 15. 1. 2023.
− Jovašević, D. (2022) Encuraging Sexual Abuse of Minors through Computer Devices. Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law, 60(2), pp: 133- 147. https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.60.2.6
− Kostić, J., Ranaldi, V. (2022) Social Peer Violence in the Digital Environment – Students’ Attitudes and the Possibility of Prevention. In: I. Stevanović, M. Kolaković-Bojović (Eds.) Children and the Challenges of the Digital Environment. Belgrade: Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, pp. 83-96.
− Kubiček, A., Marković, A. (2022) Hate Speech towards Roma Children in Digital Space: Discourse Analysiss of Users’ Comments. In: I. Stevanović, M. Kolaković-Bojović (Eds.) Children and the Challenges of the Digital Environment. Belgrade: Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, pp. 65-82.
− Kuzmanović, D., Zlatarović, V., Anđelković, N., Žunić-Cicvarić, J. (2019) Children in Digital Age: Guidelines for Safe and Constructive Use of Digital Technology and the Internet, Child Rights Centre of Užice.
− Law on Juvenile Criminal Offenders and Criminal Law Protection of Juveniles, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 85/2005.
− Macanović, N., Stojanović, R. (2022) Cyberbulling as a Form of Peer Violence in Schools. In: I. Stevanović, M. Kolaković-Bojović (Eds.) Children
and the Challenges of the Digital Environment. Belgrade: Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, pp. 97-116.
− Modecki, K.L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A.G., Guerra, N. G., Runions, K. C. (2014) Bullying prevalence across contexts: a meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), pp. 602-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007
− Pavlović, Z. (2022) Children and Hate Speech on Social Networks. In: I. Stevanović, M. Kolaković-Bojović (Eds.) Children and the Challenges of the Digital Environment. Belgrade: Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research pp. 55-64
− Petrosyan, A. (2022) Worldwilde digital population, available at: Internet and social media users in the world 2022 | Statista, accessed on: 17. 1. 2023.
− Popadić, D., Kuzmanović, D. (2013) Utilisation of Digital Technologies, Risks and Incidence of Digital Violence among Students is Serbia. UNICEF: Belgrade. Available at: Microsoft Word - Digital Violence Summary.eng.docx (unicef.org), accessed on: 17. 1. 2023.
− Regulation on the safety and protection of children in the use of information and communication technologies, Official Gazette of the RS, No. 61/16.
− Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S., and Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. Doi: 10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo
− Škulić, M. (2022) Criminal Law Reaction to Child Pornography/Juvenile Pornography -realized/created by Abuse of Computer Network/Communication by Other Technical Means. Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law, 60(2), pp: 9-57. https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.60.2.
− TV Prva, Morning : Child Safety on the Internet (guest: Emina Beković, National Contact Centre for Child Safety on the Internet) 8. 2. 2023. Available at: Jutro - 08.02.2023. (prva.rs), accessed on: 8. 2. 2023.
− UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment, CRC/C/GC/25.
− UNICEF (2017) Children in Digital World: The State of the World’s Children. New York: UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund.
− UNICEF (2021) Ending online child sexual exploitation and abuse: Lessons learned and promising practices in low- and middle-income countries. New York: UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund.
− UNICEF (2022) Protecting Children Online. New York: UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund.