BEZBEDNOST U GRADOVIMA VAN GRANICA NACIONALNOG I LOKALNOG – POLITIKE URBANE BEZBEDNOSTI EVROPSKIH ORGANIZACIJA
Autor/i: Ana Paraušić,
Stranice: 99-111
UDK: 711.4(4); 711.4:351.861
DOI:
Apstrakt: S obzirom na to da većina evropskog stanovništva danas živi u gradovima, te da generalni politički, ekonomski i društveni odnosi i procesi sve više imaju karakter urbanog, razumevanje i ostvarivanje bezbednosti u savremenim gradovima Evrope, postaje sve značajnije. Stoga je dilema oko uloge nadnacionalnih evropskih entiteta u oblasti urbane bezbednosti i prevencije kriminala na lokalnom nivou, danas aktuelna više nego ikada ranije. Predmet ovog rada jeste analiza aktivnosti evropskih tela i organizacija koje se tiču urbane bezbednosti, odnosno njihovih napora na planu identifikovanja najznačajnijih problema bezbednosti evropskih gradova. U tom smisli analizirane su politike i praktične smernice tri organizacije koje su imale najviše uticaja na formiranje javno-mnjenjskog i političkog diskursa o urbanoj bezbednosti u Evropi: Evropska Unija (European Union) (u okviru nje pre svega Evropska komisija (European Commission)), Savet Evrope (Council of Europe) i Evropski forum za urbanu bezbednost (European Forum for Urban Security). Cilj rada jeste sistematičan pregled aktivnosti pomenuta tri entiteta, kao i prepoznavanje eventualnih sličnosti i razlika u pristupu pitanjima urbane bezbednosti i prevencije urbanog kriminala, a u nameri utvrđivanja postojanja jedinstvene politike urbane bezbednosti na nivou Evrope.
Ključne reči: urbana bezbednost, evropski gradovi, Evropska unija, Savet Evrope, Evropski forum za urbanu bezbedn
Reference:
– Body-Gendrot, S. (2012). Globalization, fear and insecurity: the challenges for cities north and south. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
– Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (2002) Urban crime prevention: A guide for local authorities. Strasbourg: Council of Europe
– Congress of Local and Regional Authorities. (2008) European Urban Charter II – Manifesto for a New Urbanity. Strasbourg: Congress of Local and Regional Authorities.
– Council of Europe (1992) European Urban Charter. Strasbourg: Council of Europe
– Council of Europe (2003) Recommendations Rec(2003)21 of the Committee of Ministers to member states concerning partnership in crime prevention dostupno na: https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016805df077
– Crawford. A. (2009). Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Publishing.
– Driver, F., Gilbert, D. (2003) Imperial cities. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
– Edwards, A., Gill, P. (2003) After Transnational Organised Crime: The Politics of Public Safety in: A. Edwards, P. Gill (eds) Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on Global Security. London: Routledge, pp. 264–281.
– Edwards, A., Hughes, G. (2013). Comparative European criminology and the question of urban security. European Journal of Criminology, 10(3), 257–259.
– Edwards, A., Hughes, G., Lord, N. (2013). Urban security in Europe: Translating a concept in public criminology. European Journal of Criminology, 10(3), 260–283.
– EFUS (European Forum for Urban Security). (2000). Safety and Democracy: The Cities’ Manifesto, Naples. Paris: EFUS.
– EFUS (European Forum for Urban Security). (2012). Security, Democracy and Cities: The Aubervilliers and Saint-Denis Manifesto. Paris: EFUS.
– European Commission. (2011). New Perspectives for Urban Development. Brussels: European Commission.
– European Commission. (1998). Sustainable Urban Development in the European Union: A Framework for Action. Brussels: European Commission.
– European Commission. (2001). Towards Sustainable Urban Development – A Strategic Approach. Brussels: European Commission.
– European Council. (2009). The Stockholm Programme – An Open and Secure Europe Serving and Protecting Citizens. Official Journal of the European Union, 2010/C 115/01.
– Gilling, D. (2001). Community safety and social policy. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 9(4), 381–400.
– Hörnqvist, M. (2007). The Organised Nature of Power: On Productive and Repressive Interventions Based on Considerations of Risk (Doctoral dissertation). Stockholm: Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
– Kearns, A., Paddison, R. (2000). New challenges for urban governance. Urban Studies, 37(5–6), 845–850.
– Loader, I. (2004) Policing, Securitisation and Democratisation in Europe In: T. Newburn, R. Sparks (eds) Criminal Justice and Political Cultures: National and International Dimensions of Crime Control. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp. 49–79.
– Lodge, J. (2002) Freedom, Security and Justice: Pillar III and Protecting the “Internal Acquis” In: A. Crawford (ed.) Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp. 102–134.
– Mamford, L. (2010) Kultura gradova. Novi Sad: Mediterran Publishing.
– Massey, D. (2004). Geographies of responsibility. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 86(1), 5–18.
– McLaughlin, E. (1992). The democratic deficit-European Union and the accountability of the British Police. Brit. J. Criminology, 32, 473.
– Meško, G., Tominc, B., Sotlar, A. (2013). Urban security management in the capitals of the former Yugoslav republics. European journal of criminology, 10(3), 284–296.
– Ruggiero, V., South, N., Taylor, I. R. (Eds.). (1998). The new European criminology: crime and social order in Europe. London: Routledge.
– Shapiro, M. J. (2009). Managing urban security: City walls and urban metis. Security Dialogue, 40(4–5), 443–461.
– Tilly, C. (1994) Cities and the Rise of States in Europe, AD1000 to 1800. Boulder: Westview.
– Virta, S. (2002). Local security management: Policing through networks. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(1), 190–200.
– Virta, S. (2013b). Governing urban security in Finland: Towards the ‘European model’. European journal of criminology, 10(3), 341–353.
– Virta. S. (2013a). Finland. In: M. Nalla, G. Newman (Eds.) Community Policing in Indigenous Communities. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 247–255.