Moralna panika u vezi sa maloletničkom delinkvencijom
Author/s: Ana Nešić,
Pages: 129-148
UDK: 316.658.4:343.91-053.6
343.221-053.6
316.623:316.77
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.63.2.7
Abstract: Kroz istoriju su mladi u više navrata bili predmet moralne panike, a društvo ih je označavalo kao nemoralne zbog čestog odstupanja od opšteprihvaćenog načina života. Danas se ta okolnost nije značajnije promenila, na šta ukazuju i brojni medijski sadržaji u kojima su mladi predstavljeni u negativnom kontekstu, često kao nasilnici. Uzimajući u obzir okolnost da se stvarna zastupljenost maloletnika u ukupnom kriminalitetu ne odgovara stanju predstavljenom, na prvom mestu, u medijima, takvi sadržaji neretko dovode do osećaja uznemirenosti i zabrinutosti šire javnosti, što potom utiče na kreiranje predstave o mladima kao problematičnim članovima društva. Iako su u stvaranju moralne panike oko mladih važne rekacije različitih segmenata društva (medija, javnosti, organa formalne socijalne kontrole, vladajuće elite i pripadnika društvenih pokreta), dominantni akter u formiranju slike o maloletnom delinkventu su masovni mediji. Način izveštavanja medija o maloletničkoj delinkvenciji značajno oblikuje stav javnosti o mladima, što dovodi do preteranih reakcija pojedinih delova društva i zauzimanja stava o načinu na koji bi trebalo rešavati problem prestupništva mladih. Nasilničko ponašanje maloletnika, vršnjačko nasilje (kako ono u fizičkom, tako i ono u virtuelnom svetu), i drugi bezbednosni rizici, pogotovo oni u školskim sredinama, su uvek aktuelne teme koje izazivaju veliku pažnju javnosti, pa ne čudi što se mediji često opredeljuju da o njima senzacionalistički izveštavaju. Tako predstavljeni događaji lako dovode do paničnih reakcija javnosti i preuveličavanja ozbiljnosti situacije. S toga je od velike važnosti imati na umu da primena represivnih mera prema maloletnicima, koje bi trebalo da brzo umire javnost, ne dovode do rešavanja uzroka nastanka problema, kao ni do suzbijanja maloletničke delinkvencije u društvu. Throughout history young people have often been the subjects of moral panics, and society had a tendency to label them as immoral because they had frequently deviated from generally accepted norms. Nowadays, this circumstance has not significantly changed. We are now witnesses that the media often presentes young people as bullies and emphasis their risky behavior. Considering that the actual number of juveniles that are committing such crimes is significantly different, content that primarily comes from media is creating general concern, which then affects the image of young people among public. Although the reactions of various part of society (media, public, formal social control groups, politicians and members of social movements) are important in creating moral panic, the main subject in forming the image of juvenile delinquency is the mass media. The reporting method they use is of great importance in forming public's attitude towards minors, which then leads to an overreaction by a part of society and a stance on how the problem should be addressed. Juveniles violent behavior, peer violence (both in the physical and virtual world), as well as other safety risks in schools, are always alluring topics because they attract great public attention, so it is not surprising that the media often choose to sensationalize these topics. Events presented in that way can easily lead to public panic reactions and exaggeration the seriousness of the situation. Therefore, it is of great importance to keep in mind that conducting repressive measures against minors, which could quickly appease the public, would not lead to solving the causes of the problem, nor to the suppression of juvenile delinquency.
Keywords: moralna panika, mladi, maloletnička delinkvencija, mediji; moral panic, young people, juvenile delinquency, media.
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