Sagorevanje stručnjaka u zatvorskom sistemu: Faktori rizika i posledice
Author/s: Raspopović, Antonija, Petrović, Vera, Mentus Kandić, Tatjana
Pages: 95-116
UDK: 343.83:159.944.4.072
331.442
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.63.2.5
Abstract: Sindrom sagorevanja, do čijeg razvoja dolazi usled kontinuiranog suočavanja sa stresom na poslu, predstavlja globalni fenomen koji je već nekoliko decenija u fokusu različitih autora. Najpoznatiji teorijski oslonac koji se koristi pri empirijskom proučavanju sagorevanja je trodimenzionalni pristup Maslahove i Džeksonove, na osnovu koga je konstruisan Maslach Burnout Inventory instrument za procenu sindroma sagorevanja, a putem koga se ispituju emocionalna iscrpljenost, depersonalizacija i smanjeno lično postignuće. Sindrom sagorevanja je visoko prevalentan među zaposlenima u zatvorima širom sveta. Najrizičniju grupu zaposlenih čine oni u direktnom kontaktu sa osuđenima, a ključni izvori stresa su nedostatak kadra, loši uslovi rada, profesionalna neizvesnost i konflikti između poslovnog i porodičnog života. Visok neuroticizam, a nizak nivo savesnosti i ekstraverzije povećavaju rizik za razvoj sindroma sagorevanja. Sindrom sagorevanja dovodi do ozbiljnih telesnih, emocionalnih i bihevioralnih posledica, što može narušiti radnu efikasnost u okviru tretmanskog postupanja. Značajna prisutnost sagorevanja među stručnjacima u zatvorima ukazuje na neophodnost strateškog pristupa prevenciji i razvoju programa unapređenja mentalnog zdravlja. Cilj ovog rada je obuhvatni prikaz teorijskih i empirijskih uporišta pri proučavanju sindroma sagorevanja i posledica sa kojima se „sagoreli“ stručnjaci u zatvorima suočavanju, ali i analiza i prikaz rezultata istraživanja o prevalenci i riziko faktorima za nastanak i razvoj ovog sindroma. Rad se temelji na narativnom pregledu literature, pri čemu su korišćene metode deskriptivne analize i teorijske sinteze, sa ciljem identifikovanja i interpretacije ključnih nalaza značajnih naučnih studija i stručnih izvora. Burnout syndrome, resulting from continuous exposure to work-related stress, is a global phenomenon that has drawn significant attention from various researchers over several decades. The most well-known theoretical framework used in empirical studies of burnout is three-dimensional approach developed by Maslach and Jackson, which served as the basis for the construction of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, an instrument designet to assess burnout syndrome by examining emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced personal accomplishment. Burnout syndrome is highly prevalent among prison employees worldwide. The highest-risk group includes staff directly interacting with inmates, with primary stressors being staff shortages, poor working conditions, job insecurity, and conflicts between professional and family life. High neuroticism combined with low conscientiousness and extraversion significantly increases the risk of developing burnout syndrome. Burnout syndrome leads to severe physical, emotional, and behavioral consequences, potentially impairing work efficiency within correctional treatment processes. The notable prevalence of burnout among prison professionals underscores the need for a strategic approach to prevention and the development of programs aimed at improving mental health. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively present theoretical and empirical foundations relevant to studying burnout syndrome, specifically highlighting the consequences faced by "burned out" professionals working in prisons, as well as analyzing and presenting research findings regarding the prevalence and risk factors for the onset and development of this syndrome. This paper employs a narrative literature review methodology, using descriptive analysis and theoretical synthesis to identify and interpret key findings from significant scientific studies and expert sources.
Keywords: sindrom sagorevanja, stručnjaci u zatvoru, riziko faktori, posledice, burnout syndrome, prison professionals, risk factors, consequences
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