Postupanje prema maloletnicima sa intelektualnom ometenošću na izvršenju vaspitne mere upućivanja u vaspitnu ustanovu

Complete work in pdf

Author/s: Urošević, Jovana, Žunić-Pavlović, Vesna

Pages: 33-52
UDK: 343.8-053.6(497.11) 343.91-053.6(497.11) 343.137.5(497.11)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.63.2.2

Abstract: Prevalencija intelektualne ometenosti (IO) viša je kod maloletnih učinilaca krivičnih dela u odnosu na opštu populaciju. Maloletnici sa IO kojima su izrečene zavodske vaspitne mere suočavaju se sa dodatnim teškoćama koje proizilaze iz neadekvatnih uslova i nespecifičnih intervencija. Predmet ovog rada je postupanje prema maloletnicima sa IO na izvršenju vaspitne mere upućivanja u vaspitnu ustanovu. Prvi cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje razlika u karekteristikama maloletnika sa i bez IO prema kojima je izvršena vaspitna mera upućivanje u vaspitnu ustanovu u Zavodu za vaspitanje dece i omladine Beograd (Zavod). Drugi cilj bio je utvrđivanje razlika u praksi postupanja prema maloletnicima sa IO između stručnjaka zaposlenih u Zavodu i Školi za osnovno i srednje obrazovanje „Vožd“ (ŠOSO „Vožd“). Istraživanje je rađeno na uzorku maloletnika koji su u periodu 2017–2022. godine otpušteni iz Zavoda (25 maloletnika, od kojih je pet sa IO) i uzorku od 20 stručnjaka zaposlenih u Zavodu i ŠOSO „Vožd“. Potrebni podaci prikupljeni su analizom dosijea maloletnika i anketiranjem njihovih vaspitača i nastavnika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da između maloletnika sa i bez IO nema značajnih razlika u demografskim karakteristikama, istoriji delinkventnog ponašanja i izvršenju vaspitne mere. Stručnjaci u postupanju prema maloletnicima sa IO u izvesnoj meri prilagođavaju aktivnosti, očekivanja i nivo podrške, ali nisu nađene značajne razlike između zaposlenih u Zavodu i ŠOSO „Vožd“. Postoji potreba za razvijanjem programa koji mogu da odgovore na specifične potrebe za tretmanom maloletnih učinilaca krivičnih dela sa IO. The prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) is higher in juvenile offenders compared to the general population. Juveniles with ID who have been sentenced to institutional educational measures face additional difficulties arising from inadequate conditions and non-specific interventions. The subject of this paper is the treatment of minors with ID during the implementation of the educational measure of referral to an educational institution. The first goal of the research was to determine the differences in the characteristics of minors with and without ID who were subjected to an educational measure of referral to an educational institution at the Institute for the Education of Children and Youth Belgrade (IECY). The second goal was to determine the differences in treating minors with ID between the experts from the IECY and the School for Primary and Secondary Education „Vožd“ (SPSE „Vožd“). The research was conducted on a sample of minors who were dismissed from the IECY from 2017 to 2022. (25 minors, five of whom with ID) and a sample of 20 experts from the IECY and the SPSE „Vožd“. The required data were collected by analyzing the juvenile case files and surveying their educators and teachers. No significant differences were found between minors with and without ID in demographic characteristics, history of delinquent behavior and execution of an educational measures. In treating minors with ID experts adjust activities, expectations and level of support to a certain extent. However, no significant differences were found between the experts from the IECY and the SPSE „Vožd“. There is a need in developing programs that can respond to the specific necessities for the treatment of juvenile offenders with ID.

Keywords: vaspitne mere, maloletnici, intelektualna ometenost, tretman, učinioci krivičnih dela; educational measures, minors, intellectual disability, treatment, offenders

References:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Arlington: American Psychiatric Association. Andersson, A.-L., Klang, N., i Ostlund, D. (2025) ‘What Are Priorities and Didactic Choices of Teachers at Schools for Swedish Students with Intellectual Disability?—A Study of Teacher-Initiated Professional Development in a Swedish Context’. Education Sciences, 15(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020122 Asscher, J. J., Van der Put, E. C., i Stams, J.M. G.J. (2012) ’Differecnes Between Juvenile Offenders With and Without Intellectual Disability In Offense Type And Risk Factors’. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 1905-1913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.05.022 Assouline, I., i Morin, D. (2024) ’Attitudes of Direct Support Professionals and Management Staff Towards Intellectual Disability in Specialised Services’. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13292 Bonta, J., i Andrews, D. A. (2007) ’Risk-Need-Responsivity Model for Offender Assesment and Rehabilitation’. Ottawa: Public Safety Canada. Buha, N., i Gligorović, M. (2013) ’Problemi u ponašanju kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću: osnovni pojmovi, učestalost i faktori rizika’. Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, 12(2), 203-219. doi:10.5937/specedreh12-3395 Burns, M. K., i Ysseldyke, J. E. (2009) ’Reported Prevalence of Evidence-Based Instructional Practices in Special Education’. The Journal of Special Education, 43(1), 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466908315563 Chitsabesan, P., i sar. (2007) ’Learning Disabilities and Educational Needs of Juvenile Offenders’. Journal of Children’s Services, 2(4), 4-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17466660200700032 Dickson, K., Emerson, E., i Hatton, C. (2005) ’Self-reported Anti-social Behaviour: Prevalence and Risk Factors Amongst Adolescents With and Without Intellectual Disability’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(11), 820-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00727.x Dogbe, J., i sar. (2016) ’Assessment of Prison Life of Persons With Disability in Ghana’. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16(1), 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12914-016-0094-y Došen, A. (2005) ’Mentalno zdravlje djece s mentalnom retardacijom’. Medicina, 42(41), 101-106. Ellis, L., i Walsh, A. (2003) Crime, Delinquency and Intelligence: A Review of the worldwide literature. In H. Nyborg (ed.), The Scientific Study of General Intelligence: Tribute to Arthur Jensen. Oxford: Pergamon, 343-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-008043793-4/50054-4 European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (2016) Early School Leaving and Learners With Disabilities and/or Special Educational Needs: A Review of the Research Evidence Focusing on Europe. https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/Early%20School%20Leaving%20Literature%20Review.pdf Ernst, C., i Rogers, M. R. (2009) ‘Development of the inclusion attitude scale for high school teachers’. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 25(1), 305-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15377900802487235 Foley, R. M. (2001) ’Academic Characteristics of Incarcerated Youth and Correctional Educational Programs’. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 9(4), 248–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342660100900405 Franz, D. J., i sar. (2023). The Influence of Diagnostic Labels on the Evaluation of Students: A Multilevel Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), Article 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09716-6 Freeman, J. (2012) ‘The Relationship Between Lower Intelligence, Crime and Custodial Outcomes: A Brief Literary Review of a Vulnerable Group’.Vulnerable Groups & Inclusion, 3(1), Article 14834. https://doi.org/10.3402/vgi.v3i0.14834 Frize, M., Kenny, D., i Lennings, C. (2008) ’The Relationship Between Intellectual Disability, Indigenous Status and Risk of Reoffending in Juvenile Offenders on Community Orders’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(6), 510-519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01058.x Hermsen, M., i sar. (2024) ’Building High-quality Interpersonal Staff-Client Relationships With People with Severe to Profound Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behavior: Insights of Professionals and Relatives’. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 28(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295221131443 Ilić, Z., i Maljković, M. (2015) ’Tretman mladih sa višestrukim razvojnim smetnjama i poremećajima u ponašanju’. Sociologija, 57(2), 243-258. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1502243I Kaal, H. L., Brand, E. F. J. M., i Van Nieuwenhuijzen, M. (2012) ’Serious Juvenile Offenders With and Without Intellectual Disabilities’. Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 3(2), 66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20420921211280051 Kennedy, C.H. (2001) ‘Social Interaction Interventions for Youth with Severe Disabilities Should Emphasize Interdependence’. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 7(2), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.1017 Klang, N., i sar. (2020) ’Instructional Practices for Pupils With an Intellectual Disability in Mainstream and Special Educational Settings’. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 67(2), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1679724 Lynam, D., Moffitt, T., i Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1993) ’Explaining the Relation Between IQ and Delinquency: Class, Race, Test Motivation, School Failure or Self-Control?’. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 187-196. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.187 Matić, I. i sar. (2023) ‘Iskustva nastavnika u radu sa decom sa smetnjama u razvoju’. Norma, 28(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.5937/norma28-44817 Milićević, M., i Ilijić, Lj. (2022) ’Osobe sa intelektualnom ometenošću i kršenje zakonskih normi – o pojedinim karakteristikama populacija i izazovima u izvršenju kazne zatvora’. Zbornik instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, 41(1), 41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2022013 Molteno, G., i sar. (2001) ’Behavioural and Emotional Problems in Children with Intellectual Disability Attending Special Schools in Cape Town, South Africa’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(6), 515–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00368.x National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2015) Mental Disorders and Disabilities among Low-income Children. Washington: The National Academies Press. NSW Juvenile Justice. (2016) 2015 Young People in Custody Health Survey: Key Findings for All Young People. https://www.nsw.gov.au/legal-and-justice/youth-justice/about/research/custody-health-survey/2015-ypichs-key-findings-for-all Pandey, L., i Kumari, N. (2018) ’Intelligence of Juvenile Delinquents: An Empirical Study’. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 6(4), 205-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/0604.039 Quinn, M. M., i sar. (2005) ‘Youth with Disabilities in Juvenile Corrections: A National Survey’. Exceptional Children, 71(3), 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100308 Republički zavod za socijalnu zaštitu. (2024) Deca u sistemu socijalne zaštite 2023. https://www.zavodsz.gov.rs/media/2883/deo-izve%C5%A1taja-deca-u-ssz-2023-1311docx.pdf Republički zavod za statistiku. (2023) Maloletni učinioci krivičnih dela u Republici Srbiji, 2022: Prijave, optuženja i osude. https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/Pdf/G20235703.pdf Schalock, R., i sar. (2010) ’Intellectual Disability: Definition, classification and system of supports’. Washington: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Segeren, M., i sar. (2018) ’Exploring Differences in Criminogenic Risk Factors and Criminal Behavior Between Young Adult Violent Offenders With and Without Intellectual Disability’. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(4), 978-999. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16674009 Shelton, D. (2006) ’A Study of Young Offenders With Learning Disabilities’. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 12(1), 36–44. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1078345806287573 Simpson, M. K., i Hogg, J. (2008) ’Patterns of Offending Among People with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(5), 384–396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00345.x Ståhlberg, O., Anckarsäter, H., i Nilsson, T. (2010) ‘Mental Health Problems in Youths Committed to Juvenile Institutions: Prevalences and treatment needs’. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(12), 893-903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-010-0137-1 Thompson, K. C., i Morris, R. J. (2016) Juvenile Delinquency and Disability. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Van der Put, C., i sar. (2013) ’The Relationship Between Maltreatment Victimisation and Sexual and Violent Offending: Differences Between Adolescent Offenders With and Without Intellectual Disability’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(11), 979-991. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12031 Van der Put, C., i sar. (2014) ’Differences Between Juvenile Offenders With and Without Intellectual Disabilities in the Importance of Static and Dynamic Risk Factors for Recidivism’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(11), 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12078 Van Nieuwenhuijzen M., i sar. (2005) ’Do Children Do What They Say? Responses to Hypothetical and Real-life Social Problems in Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviour Problems’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(6), 419-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00674.x World Health Organization (WHO). (1996) ICD – 10 guide for mental retardation. Geneva: World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse. World Health Organization. (2024) ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en Yun, I., i Lee, J. (2013) ’IQ and Delinquency: The Differential Detection Hypothesis revisited’. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11(3), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204012463410 Zakon o maloletnim učiniocima krivičnih dela i krivičnopravnoj zaštiti maloletnih lica, Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije br. 85/05. Žunić-Pavlović, V., i Ilić, Z. (2002) ’Maloletnici sa višestrukim smetnjama u razvoju – izazovi za savremenu resocijalizaciju’. Socijalna misao, 9(1-2), 181-192.