References:
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Legal references − Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953; ETS 5, 213 UNTS 222. − International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976; 999 UNTS 171 − The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (adopted 7 December 2000, entered into force 1 December 2009; OJ C 326, 26.10.2012, p. 391–407; − Convention on the Protection of the European Communities’ Financial Interests, entered into force 17 October 2002, OJ C 316, 27.11.1995; − Convention on the fight against corruption involving EU officials or officials of EU countries, entered into force on 28 September 2005, OJ C 195, 25.6.1997. Internet resources: − Guide on Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights, updated on 31 December 2020, available at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art_7_ENG.pdf; date of access: 29 November 2021 − Recommendation No. R (91)1 of the Committee of Ministers of Member States on administrative sanctions (adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 13 February 1991 at the 452nd meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies) available at: https://rm.coe.int/16804fc94c; date of access: 29 November 2021 − Resolutions of the Congresses of the International Association of Penal Law (1926 – 2014), available at: http://www.penal.org/sites/default/files/RIDP86%201-2%202015%20EN.pdf, pp. 351 ff; date of access: 29 November 2021 Case law: − A and B v. Norway, ECtHR, (2016, no. 24130/11 and 29758/11); − A. P, M.P. and T.P. v. Switzerland, ECtHR (1997 no. 19958/92); − A. v. The United Kingdom, 23 September 1998, (ECtHR, 1998, no. 25599/94); − Bayev and Others v. Russia, ECtHR, (2017, no. 67667/09, 44092/12, 56717/12); − Bendenoun v. France, ECtHR (1994, no. 12547/86); − C 204/00 P, C 205/00 P, C 211/00 P, C 213/00 P, C 217/00 P and C 219/00 Aalborg Portland et al v. EC, , 7 January 2004, CJEU; − C 352/09 P ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH v European Commission, 29 March 2011, CJEU; − C.R. v. The United Kingdom, 22 November 1995, ECtHR, No. 20190/92; − C-129/14 Zoran Spasic, 2014, CJEU; − C-17/10, Toshiba Corporation et al v. Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže, CJEU; (2012, no. C-17/10) Bonda, CJEU, (2012, no. C-489/10); − C-262/99 Paraskevas Louloudakis v Elliniko Dimosio, 2001 CJEU; − C-443/13 Ute Reindl v Bezirkshauptmannschaft Innsbruck, 2014, CJEU; − C-524/15 Luca Menci, 20 March 2018 r., CJEU; − Del Río Prada v. Spain, ECtHR, (2013, no. 42750/09); − Engel and Others v. Netherlands, (1976, no. 5100/71, 5101/71, 5102/71, 5354/72, 5370/72); − Ezeh and Connors v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR (1997, no. 39665/98, 40086/98). − G. v. the United Kingdom, ECtHR, (2011 no. 37334/08); − G.I.E.M. S.r.l. and Others v. Italy, ECtHR (2018, no. 1828/06, 34163/07 and 19029/11); − Grande Stevens and Others v. Italy, ECtHR (2014, no. 8640/10); − Janosevic v. Sweden, ECtHR (2002, no. 34619/97); − Kafkaris v. Cyprus, ECtHR, (2008, no. 21906/04); − Kokkinakis v. Greece, ECtHR,(1993, No. 14307/88); − L.C.B. v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR, (1998, no. 23413/94); − Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v. the United Kingdom, ECtHR, (1997, no. 21627/93; 21628/93; 21974/93); − Lauko v. Slovakia, ECtHR (1998, no. 26138/95); − Lopes de Sousa Fernandes v. Portugal, ECtHR (2017, no. 56080/13). − Lutz v. Germany, ECtHR (1987, no. 9912/82); − M.C. v. Bulgaria, ECtHR (2003, no. 39272/98); − Malige v. France, ECtHR, (1998, no. 7812/95); − Marčan v. Croatia, ECtHR (2014, no. 40820/12); − Menarini Diagnostics S.R.L. v Italy, ECtHR (2101, no. 43509/08); − Navalnyye v. Russia, ECtHR, (2017, no. 101/15); − O’Keeffe v. Ireland, ECtHR, (2014, no. 35810/09). − Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, 28 February 2013, Case C‑681/11. − Opinion of Advocate General Wahl, 29 November 2018, Case C-617/17 − Osman v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR, (1998, no. 23452/94) − Ozturk v. Germany, ECtHR (1984, no. 8544/79). − Phinikaridou v. Cyprus, ECtHR (2007, no. 23890/02). − Putz v. Austria, ECtHR (1996, no. 18892/91), − Ravnsborg v. Sweden, ECtHR (1994, no. 14220/88) − S.W. v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR, (1995, no. 20166/92); − Şahin v. Turkey, ECtHR, (2004, no. 44774/98). − Salabiaku v. France, ECtHR, (1998, no. 10519/83). − Scoppola v. Italy No. 2, ECtHR, (2009, no.10249/03). − Siliadin v. France, ECtHR, (2005, no. 73316/01). − Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany, ECtHR, (2001, no. 34044/96, 35532/97, 44801/98); − Sud Fondi S.r.l. and Others v. Italy, ECtHR, (2012, no. 75909/01); − T-279/02 Degussa AG v Commission of the European Communities, 5 April 2006 r., CFI. − Tolstoy Miloslavsky v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR, (1995, no. 18139/91); − Varvara v. Italy, ECtHR, (2013, no. 17475/09). − Vasiliauskas v. Lithuania, ECtHR, (2015, no. 35343/05). − Verein gegen Tierfabriken Schweiz (VGT) v. Switzerland, ECtHR, (2009, no. 32772/02). − Weber v. Switzerland, ECtHR, (1990, no.11034/84) − X and Y v. Netherlands, ECtHR, (1985 no. 8978/80); − Z and Others v. The United Kingdom, ECtHR, (2001 no. 29392/95) − Zolotukhin v. Russia, ECtHR (2009, no. 14939/03).